Google Dorking
First of all - and the important part - it's legal! It's all indexed, publicly available information. However, what you do with this is where the question of legality comes in to play...
A few common terms we can search and combine include:
Term
Action
site
Searches for content within specific website
filetype
Search for a file by its extension (e.g. PDF)
cache
View Google's Cached version of a specified URL
intitle
The specified phrase MUST appear in the title of the page
Last updated